This program is for developers who want a clear, working understanding of large language models before building on them. It skips the hype and focuses on the concepts that directly affect the code you write: tokens, context limits, sampling, and API behavior.
You will write Python that calls a hosted model API or a local open-weight model, handles streaming and errors properly, and returns structured data validated with Pydantic. You will also learn to structure prompts so they are easier to test and maintain.
The final exercise is a small command-line tool or API endpoint that extracts structured information from unstructured text, with a handful of tests that check its output.
fig. — context window budgetIllustrative
08,192 tokens
system prompt
700
chat history
1,800
retrieved context
3,900
user question
292
output reserve
1,500
if over budget → trim history first, then lowest-ranked chunks
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Prerequisites
Working knowledge of Python: functions, modules, and installing packages
Basic understanding of HTTP requests and JSON
A development environment where you can run Python scripts
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Curriculum
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Module 01: How Language Models Work
A working mental model of what happens between your prompt and the model's response.
01.1Next-token prediction in plain terms
01.2Tokens and tokenizers, with hands-on token counting
01.3Context windows and why longer is not always better
01.4Temperature, top-p, and sampling
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Module 02: Working with Model APIs
Call models from Python in a way that holds up outside a notebook.
02.1Request and response structure for chat-style APIs
02.2Streaming responses
02.3Rate limits, retries with backoff, and timeouts
02.4Comparing hosted model APIs and open-weight models
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Module 03: Prompting as Engineering
Write prompts that are clear, testable, and easy to change.
03.1System instructions, roles, and delimiters
03.2Few-shot examples and when they help
03.3Keeping prompts in version control as templates
03.4Common failure patterns and how to diagnose them
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Module 04: Structured Outputs
Get data, not prose, from a model — and verify it.
04.1Defining output schemas with JSON Schema and Pydantic
04.2Using structured output and tool-calling modes
04.3Validating, repairing, and retrying malformed output
04.4Writing basic tests for model-backed functions
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Skills and project outcomes
Skills you’ll practice
Reasoning about tokens and context limits
Calling model APIs with streaming and retries
Configuring sampling parameters
Structuring and versioning prompts
Extracting structured data with Pydantic
Writing tests for LLM-backed functions
What you’ll build
A reusable Python client wrapper with retries, timeouts, and token logging
A structured extraction tool that returns validated Pydantic models
A small test suite covering expected and malformed outputs
Alex focuses on the unglamorous parts of LLM products: input validation, structured outputs and graceful failure. Their sessions are about turning a promising prototype into code a team can maintain.
Sample profile
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Program FAQs
Using a chat interface and building with model APIs are different skills. If you are already comfortable with tokens, streaming, and structured outputs in code, you can move directly to an intermediate program.